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The basic shaping operations affect clusters in a predictable manner when using level 0 or level 1:
When two or more clusters merge, the resulting merged cluster takes as its cluster value the minimum of the incoming cluster values.
When a cluster decomposes, all of the resulting child clusters inherit as their cluster value the cluster value of the parent cluster.
When a character is reordered, the reordered character and all clusters that the character moves past as part of the reordering are merged into one cluster.
The functionality, guarantees, and benefits of level 0 and level 1 behavior can be seen with some examples. First, let us examine what happens with cluster values when shaping involves cluster merging with ligatures and decomposition.
Let's say we start with the following character sequence (top row) and initial cluster values (bottom row):
A,B,C,D,E
0,1,2,3,4
During shaping, HarfBuzz maps these characters to glyphs from the font. For simplicity, let us assume that each character maps to the corresponding, identical-looking glyph:
A,B,C,D,E
0,1,2,3,4
Now if, for example, B and C
form a ligature, then the clusters to which they belong
"merge". This merged cluster takes for its cluster
value the minimum of all the cluster values of the clusters that
went in to the ligature. In this case, we get:
A,BC,D,E
0,1 ,3,4
because 1 is the minimum of the set {1,2}, which were the
cluster values of B and
C<